Technical Domain » Electronics http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain Technical Information Source and Discussion Tue, 31 Jan 2012 19:56:35 +0000 http://wordpress.org/?v=2.8.5 en hourly 1 Simple Immobilizer SMD EEPROM Removal and replacement http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-immobilizer-smd-eeprom-removal-and-replacement http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-immobilizer-smd-eeprom-removal-and-replacement#comments Mon, 27 Sep 2010 05:37:00 +0000 Richard http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/?p=529

When you replace your 2001, 2002 or 2003 Toyota RAV4 ECM (car computer or engine computer) with an used unit, either bought at eBay or at a salvage yard, junker, etc., if your vehicle is equipped with an immobilizer system, which is an anti-theft security system, you must either reprogram the ecm to work with your existing keys, or buy new keys, which must be cut and programmed for matching the ECM unit you just purchased.

In this article, we will cover the part where the ECM is reprogrammed, as that is the easier way, and will use as an example the 89661-42820 RAV4 ECM. That part number is to mention just one, as this procedure will cover all 2001 – 2003 models, either 4×2 or 4×4 wheel drive.

RAV4 ECM 89661-42820

For reprogramming, if you have an EEPROM programmer, you can do the programming either in circuit or off circuit by using a reset file for the immobilizer EEPROM in the ECM circuit. If you have such a programmer, you may get the immobilizer reset file for download at:

2001-2003 Toyota Immobilizer Reset file Download

You may check the following article if you which to do the programming “in-circuit”:

Reading and Writing Immobilizer EEPROMs in circuit.

Otherwise, you will need to remove the EEPROM, reprogram it and resolder it back in the circuit.

If you DO NOT have an EEPROM programmer, but have some soldering skills on electronic circuits, then keep on reading, as the following procedure will help you do the job without investing in a programmer.

You will first need to get a “Immobilizer Reset EEPROM“. What to do with that or what is it for? Well, first of all, an Immobilizer Reset EEPROM is an EEPROM (in this case a 25080 SPI EEPROM) already programmed with an immobilizer reset software, which after installed in the ECM circuit, it will put the ECM in auto-register mode. that means that after installing the ECM back in the vehicle, it will register the first key you use on it. Of course, that first key will be your existing key. After that, the other keys you have will also work. For the “what to do with that” question, you will just replace the EEPROM that is in the circuit of the ECM you bought, with this reset EEPROM. Your replacement ECM will be in auto-register mode, as explained above. In that mode, you just put your existing key in the key lock cylinder, wait for 10 seconds and it is ready to use. The ECM will be locked to your keys and will ONLY work with them, the same as buying a brand new ECM.

For this job, you will need to unsolder the existing EEPROM inside the ECM and solder the reset EEPROM in its place. The existing EEPROM will have the markings “25080” on it and it is located near one of the micro controllers (big black squares), with the reference “IC1003” on the circuit board. Below is a picture of the ECM’s circuit and some details for easily locating the parts.

Location of the Immobilizer EEPROM of 2001, 2002 and 2003 Toyota RAV4

In the picture above, you can see the location of the immobilizer EEPROM. Take note of the orientation of Pin#1, as the reset EEPROM must be installed the same way. For replacing the EEPROM, just unsolder the existing one and solder the reset EEPROM in. You may be thinking at this time; “But wait! That it is an SMD (Surface Mounted Device) chip! and my soldering skills are limited to “through hole” parts. Well, it is an SMD chip, but it is very easy job if you are able to do regular soldering on circuit boards. Check the pictures below on how to do it.

Cover with solder ALL 4 pins on each side of the EPROM. Make sure that solder gets in good contact with all 4 pins on each side of the chip. Use a soldering iron which is not more than 40 watts or if using a soldering station, set it just at the beginning of the red scale (about 370 Deg F or 190 Deg C).
SMD Chip removal - Step 1
SMD Chip removal - Step 2
SMD Chip removal - Step 3
Hold the EEPROM with a tweezer while heating both sides simultaneously until it is loose. After the chip is loose, just pull it up with the tweezers, away form the circuit board. Avoid from molten solder to get in other areas of the circuit. If it does, remove it before you forget about it and power the ECM with that debris that could cause short circuits.
SMD Chip removal - Step 4
SMD Chip removal - Step 5
Then, before soldering the Reset EEPROM, clean the circuit from excess soldering by using desoldering braid. That will also allow to accommodate the new Reset EEPROM in place more easily.
SMD Chip removal - Step 6
SMD Chip removal - Step 7
For soldering the Reset EEPROM in, put it in place and hold it with a sharp pointed tool, while heating with the soldering iron on of the pins of the chip. That will temporarily lock in place the chip, while the other pins are soldered. Make sure that you are putting Pin #1 to the right place.
SMD Chip removal - Step 8
SMD Chip removal - Step 9
SMD Chip removal - Step 10

That’s it! After soldering all the 8 pins of the EEPROM chip, make sure that; again, pin #1 is pointing to the right direction, make sure that there is no soldering debris on any part of the circuit and make sure that you put the new (Reset) EEPROM and did not install back the same EEPROM you just took out without noticing ;-)

Now is time to put your ECM back together and reinstall it in your RAV4. Put your key in the cylinder lock without turning it to any direction, wait 10 seconds and then start the engine. If everything was done right, it will start and run as normal.

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]]> http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-immobilizer-smd-eeprom-removal-and-replacement/feed 7 Reading and Writing Immobilizer EEPROMs in Circuit http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/reading-writing-immobilizer-eeprom-in-circuit http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/reading-writing-immobilizer-eeprom-in-circuit#comments Mon, 27 Sep 2010 04:13:55 +0000 Richard http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/?p=525

Sometimes when working with immobilizer EEPROMs, the ideal way of programming the EEPROM is by doing it while it is in the circuit, as removing it, programming and resoldering it back to the circuit, adds a bit more of effort to complete the job.

Doing it “in-circuit” can be accomplished by using the SOIC-8 clip, connecting it over the EEPROM chip while it is in circuit, but sometimes, some inconveniences are present. Some of those inconveniences are; the need of cleaning the EEPROM leads from any protecting coating the ECM might have, or the fact that the EEPROM in question might have a too low profile, making it impossible to keep the clip in place, or the situation that we will cover here; the ECM circuit is too sensitive to the voltage that the EEPROM programmer injects to it, for working (reading/writing) with the EEPROM. In this case, the problem is that the micro controller of the ECM is attempting to start (run) with the reading supplied voltage. Of course, thus will vary from ECM to ECM and from programmer to programmer.

The solution for this situation is to disable the crystal oscillator of the micro controller (MCU) that is attempting to run with the programmer’s voltage. That is accomplished by simply jumping the crystal by running either a 0.1uf capacitor or a small jumper wire across it. In the picture below, it is shown how a 0.1uf capacitor was temporarily soldered across the crystal terminals to disable it.

Disabling a Crystal Oscillator for reading EEPROM

In the event that you don’t have the SOIC clip to read and write the immobilizer EEPROM or simply you don’t like it, below is pictured another approach for doing it. For this, you will need to construct the harness, composed of 8 micro clips and a 4-pin dual header for connecting it to the programmer. Once constructed, you will be able to use it over and over. It will have even more life span than the SOIC clip itself.

Using the Spider to read in-circuit EEPROMs
Using the Spider on SMD EEPROMs

There are some Internet stores that sell some of the equipment used on the described jobs. For example, you may get the SOIC-8 SMD clip complete with its harness and ready to use from MCMall. For the link, just click on the picture below:

SOIC-8 SMD clip complete with harness

The microclips can be obtained from the electronics distributors, DigiKey. The link is below along with the picture.

SMD Micro Pincers from Digikey

Good luck and be always careful when working with sensitive electronic circuits by using ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) protection to avoid damaging the circuits.

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]]> http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/reading-writing-immobilizer-eeprom-in-circuit/feed 6 Simple Resistor Color Code Calculator http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-resistor-color-code-calculator http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-resistor-color-code-calculator#comments Thu, 03 Jun 2010 21:38:38 +0000 Richard http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/?p=450
Having hard times with the resistors color code? Then, while you learn it, you might find useful this simple calculator, which will either find the colors representing a given value of resistance or the resistance value in ohms for a given color set.

This is for 4-color rings resistors, either rated at 5% or 10% tolerance. It will not calculate the precision 5-color bands resistors having a tolerance of 1%.

The color ring for tolerance, which is the fourth one, either gold or silver colored, is ignored here since it is not critical on most applications. It basically tells that the represented value in colors, may vary for a range of a 10% (from -5% to +5%) from the actual value if this ring is gold colored, and 20% (-10% to +10%) if it is silver colored. Most modern regular resistors are marked as 5% tolerance (gold), which is fairly acceptable.

(NOTE: Will not work with Internet Explorer version 6 or earlier)

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]]> http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/simple-resistor-color-code-calculator/feed 1 What about DVD regions? http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/what-about-dvd-regions http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/what-about-dvd-regions#comments Fri, 06 Feb 2009 21:44:11 +0000 Richard http://qcwo.com/technicaldomain/?p=12 What about DVD Region codes?


DVD region codes identify a DVD’s compatibility with DVD players typically sold in a particular region market. It is a system developed to encode DVDs to prevent them to be played on Countries not intended to.


The only exception is Region “0″ (also called “region free”). Region “0″, is compatible with DVD players from any region. The majority of all current DVD titles play only in one specific region unless otherwise noted. DVDs sold for Europe are encoded for Region 2. These DVDs may not work on DVD players in other countries, unless they are “region free” players.


Region “1″ DVDs are intended for use with standard DVD players in North America (Canada and the USA). Region “1″ DVDs are usually presented in NTSC format, so it will also be required an NTSC-compatible television. “NTSC” is the standard picture format in North America, and differs from the “PAL” format adopted in Britain and Europe, having different synchronism pulses and frequencies. You should ensure that your TV is capable of reading the NTSC signal before purchasing Region “1″ DVDs (99% TV’s sold in North America are NTSC compatible).


Regional Coding Enhancement or RCE, has been added by some film studios (specifically Warner and Columbia) to selected Region “1″ DVDs, with the intention of preventing these discs from playing on some multi-region DVD players. Because of this, we are unable to guarantee that all Region “1″ discs will be compatible with all multi-region players.


The following is not a definitive list and is intended only as a guide.


DVD Regions Map


Region “1″ – US, US Territories and Canada


American Samoa, Canada, Guam, Palau, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Puerto Rico, Micronesia, United States, U.S. Virgin Islands


Region “2″ – UK, Europe, Japan, South Africa and Middle East


Albania, Andorra, Austria, Bahrain, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Vatican City, Yemen, Yugoslavia


Region “3″ – Southeast and East Asia


Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

Region “4″ – Australia, New Zealand, Central and South America


Antigua, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Barbuda, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Falkland Islands, French Guiana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, New Guinea, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad, Tobago, Uruguay Region “5″ – Former Soviet Union, Indian sub-continent, Africa, North Korea and Mongolia, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Ivory Coast, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, St. Helena, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe


Region “5″ – Please see Map above (Africa, Russia, India, etc.)


Region “6″ – China


China


Region “7″ – Reserved for future use


Region “8″ – International Territories (ships, planes, etc)


There are programs out there that decodes or “rips” the DVD regions and can make any DVD to region “0″ or no region.  It requires that the DVD be read in one drive and written in another at the same as the program is decoding in the background.  It requires two DVD, with at least on being able to write, but it can also be done with only the writer, using the hard disk as a buffer, but the process will be much slower and the needed space must be available in the hard disk, being from one to nine giga bytes.


Thanks for treading,


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